AC16 Cardiomyocyte Cell Line
Insights on AC16 cells
| Description | The AC16 cell line, derived from human ventricular cells fused with SV40-transformed, showcases characteristics typical of cardiomyocytes, including the expression of transcription factors such as GATA4, MYCD, NFATc4, and contractile proteins like alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain. AC16 cells also express gap junction proteins connexin-43 and connexin-40, with functional gap junctions confirmed by dye-coupling studies, underscoring their utility in cardiomyocyte research. When the SV40 oncogene is silenced, AC16 transitions towards a more differentiated state, marked by the expression of BMP2, indicative of cardiac differentiation and developmental regulation. In general, scientists employ various techniques, including stem cell differentiation, animal models, molecular analysis, and biomarker discovery, to advance knowledge and potential therapies for heart-related conditions. The involvement of mitogen and senescence pathways, along with thymidine kinase induction, further elucidates the complex nature of human cardiomyocytes and their response to pathological conditions. The AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line's ability to mimic the behavior of mature cardiomyocytes makes it a valuable model for cardiac research. It closely resembles the genetic makeup of primary cardiomyocytes, allowing for studies on cardiac development, pathology, and the implications of histone loss in vitro, however, the cardiomyocyte behavior and genetic complexity might not fully match that of primary or stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the context of toxicology and cardiovascular disease research, AC16 cells serve as a vital tool for understanding cardiomyocyte development, inflammation, injury, regeneration, and toxicological effects. The unique properties of the AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line, including its response to developmental cues and the ability to simulate the physiological conditions of human cardiomyocytes, make it an indispensable asset in the quest to unravel the mysteries of heart diseases and devise novel therapeutic interventions. |
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| Organism | Human |
| Tissue | Heart, ventricle |
| Applications | Research in toxicology and cardiovascular disease focuses on understanding cardiomyocyte development, inflammation, injury, regeneration, and toxicological effects. Scientists use various techniques, including stem cell differentiation, animal models, molecular analysis, and biomarker discovery, to advance knowledge and potential therapies for heart-related conditions. |
| Synonyms | Human hybrid cardiomyocyte |
Details
| Ethnicity | Caucasian |
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| Morphology | Epithelial |
| Cell type | Cardiomyocyte |
| Growth properties | Adherent |
Documentation
| Citation | AC16 Cardiomyocyte Cell Line (Cytion catalog number 305215) |
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| Biosafety level | 1 |
| NCBI_TaxID | 9606 |
| CellosaurusAccession | CVCL_4U18 |
Genomics
| Viruses | Transformed by the SV40 large T-antigen |
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Culturing guidelines
| Culture Medium | Culture medium:DMEM:Ham's F12 (1:1), w: 3.1 g/L Glucose, w: 2.5 mM L-Glutamine, w: 15 mM HEPES, w: 0.5 mM Sodium pyruvate, w: 1.2 g/L NaHCO3 (Cytion article number 820400a). Supplement the culture medium with 12.5% FBS and add 0.9 mM L-Glutamine to achieve a final concentration of 2.5 mM L-Glutamine.
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| Dissociation Reagent | Accutase |
| Subculturing | Remove the old medium from the adherent cells and wash them with PBS that lacks calcium and magnesium. For T25 flasks, use 3-5 ml of PBS, and for T75 flasks, use 5-10 ml. Then, cover the cells completely with Accutase, using 1-2 ml for T25 flasks and 2.5 ml for T75 flasks. Let the cells incubate at room temperature for 8-10 minutes to detach them. After incubation, gently mix the cells with 10 ml of medium to resuspend them, then centrifuge at 300xg for 3 minutes. Discard the supernatant, resuspend the cells in fresh medium, and transfer them into new flasks that already contain fresh medium. |
| Freeze medium | As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress. |
| Thawing and Culturing Cells |
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| Shipping Conditions | Cryopreserved cell lines are shipped on dry ice in validated, insulated packaging with sufficient refrigerant to maintain approximately −78 °C throughout transit. On receipt, inspect the container immediately and transfer vials without delay to appropriate storage. |
| Storage Conditions | For long-term preservation, place vials in vapor-phase liquid nitrogen at about −150 to −196 °C. Storage at −80 °C is acceptable only as a short interim step before transfer to liquid nitrogen. |
Quality control on the AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line
| Sterility | Mycoplasma contamination is excluded using both PCR-based assays and luminescence-based mycoplasma detection methods. To ensure there is no bacterial, fungal, or yeast contamination, cell cultures are subjected to daily visual inspections. |
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Required products
Required products
DMEM:Ham's F12 (1:1), w: 3.1 g/L Glucose, w: 2.5 mM L-Glutamine, w: 15 mM HEPES, w: 0.5 mM Sodium pyruvate, w: 1.2 g/L NaHCO3DMEM:Ham's F12 is a widely recognized and extensively utilized basal medium in cell culture for biological research. It serves as a fundamental source of nutrients for the growth of various mammalian cell lines, particularly when supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS).
This unique formulation combines Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Ham's F-12 (Ham's Nutrient Mixture F-12) in a precise 1:1 ratio. The addition of L-glutamine further enhances its composition.
DMEM, derived from Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM), offers an increased concentration of amino acids and vitamins compared to its predecessor. In contrast, Ham's F-12 is based on Ham's F-10 medium, providing a complementary set of essential components.
To support optimal cell growth, it is common practice to supplement DMEM:Ham's F12 with FBS at a typical concentration of 5-10%. This addition is necessary as the medium lacks growth hormones, lipids, and proteins crucial for cellular development.
DMEM:Ham's F12 incorporates a pH buffer system and is often supplemented with phenol red, a pH indicator. Cultured cells in DMEM:Ham's F12, or any medium utilizing the bicarbonate buffer system, require a controlled CO2 environment of 5-10% to maintain appropriate pH levels.
Quality Control
Sterile-filtered
Storage and Shelf Life
Store at +2°C to +8°C, protected from light.
Once opened, store at 4°C and use within 6–8 weeks.
Shipping Conditions
Ambient temperature
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Avoid freezing and frequent warming to +37°C, as it reduces product quality.
Do not heat the medium beyond 37°C or use uncontrolled heat sources such as microwave appliances.
If only part of the medium is to be used, remove the required amount and warm it to room temperature before use.
Composition
Category
Components
Concentration (mg/L)
Amino Acids
Glycine
18.75
L-Alanine
4.45
L-Arginine HCl
147.50
L-Asparagine H₂O
7.50
L-Aspartic Acid
6.65
L-Cysteine HCl H₂O
17.56
L-Cystine 2 HCl
31.29
L-Glutamic Acid
7.35
L-Glutamine
365.00
L-Histidine HCl H₂O
31.48
L-Isoleucine
54.47
L-Leucine
59.05
L-Lysine HCl
91.25
L-Methionine
17.24
L-Phenylalanine
35.48
L-Proline
17.25
L-Serine
26.25
L-Threonine
53.45
L-Tryptophan
9.02
L-Tyrosine Disodium Salt
48.10
L-Valine
52.85
Vitamins
D-Biotin
0.0035
Choline Chloride
8.98
D-Calcium Pantothenate
2.24
Folic Acid
2.66
myo-Inositol
12.60
Nicotinamide
2.02
Pyridoxine HCl
0.031
Pyridoxal HCl
2.00
Riboflavin
0.219
Thiamine HCl
2.17
Vitamin B12
0.68
Inorganic Salts
CaCl₂ 2 H₂O
154.50
CuSO₄ 5 H₂O
0.0013
Fe(NO₃)₃ 9 H₂O
0.05
FeSO₄ 7 H₂O
0.417
KCl
311.80
MgCl₂ 6 H₂O
61.20
MgSO₄
48.84
NaCl
6996.00
NaHCO₃
1200.00
Na₂HPO₄
71.02
NaH₂PO₄
54.30
ZnSO₄ 7 H₂O
0.432
Other Components
D-Glucose
3151.00
Hypoxanthine
2.40
HEPES
3574.50
Linoleic Acid
0.042
Lipoic Acid
0.105
Phenol Red Sodium Salt
8.63
Putrescine 2 HCl
0.081
Sodium Pyruvate
55.00
Thymidine
0.365€25.00*AccutaseVariants: 100 mlAccutase Cell Dissociation Reagent
- A Gentle Alternative to Trypsin
Accutase is a cell detachment solution that is revolutionizing the cell culture industry. It is a mix of proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymes that mimics the action of trypsin and collagenase. Unlike trypsin, Accutase does not contain any mammalian or bacterial components and is much gentler on cells, making it an ideal solution for the routine detachment of cells from standard tissue culture plasticware and adhesion coated plasticware. In this blog post, we will explore the benefits and uses of Accutase and how it is changing the game in cell culture.
Advantages of Accutase
Accutase has several advantages over traditional trypsin solutions. Firstly, it can be used whenever gentle and efficient detachment of any adherent cell line is needed, making it a direct replacement for trypsin. Secondly, Accutase works extremely well on embryonic and neuronal stem cells, and it has been shown to maintain the viability of these cells after passaging. Thirdly, Accutase preserves most epitopes for subsequent flow cytometry analysis, making it ideal for cell surface marker analysis.
Additionally, Accutase does not need to be neutralized when passaging adherent cells. The addition of more media after the cells are split dilutes Accutase so it is no longer able to detach cells. This eliminates the need for an inactivation step and saves time for cell culture technicians. Finally, Accutase does not need to be aliquoted, and a bottle is stable in the refrigerator for 2 months.
Applications of Accutase
Accutase is a direct replacement for trypsin solution and can be used for the passaging of cell lines. Additionally, Accutase performs well when detaching cells for the analysis of many cell surface markers using flow cytometry and for cell sorting. Other downstream applications of Accutase treatment include analysis of cell surface markers, virus growth assay, cell proliferation, tumor cell migration assays, routine cell passage, production scale-up (bioreactor), and flow cytometry.
Composition of Accutase
Accutase contains no mammalian or bacterial components and is a natural enzyme mixture with proteolytic and collagenolytic enzyme activity. It is formulated at a much lower concentration than trypsin and collagenase, making it less toxic and gentler, but just as effective.
Efficiency of Accutase
Accutase has been shown to be efficient in detaching primary and stem cells and maintaining high cell viability compared to animal origin enzymes such as trypsin. 100% of cells are recovered after 10 minutes, and there is no harm in leaving cells in Accutase for up to 45 minutes, thanks to autodigestion of Accutase.
In summary
In conclusion, Accutase is a powerful solution that is changing the game in cell culture. With its gentle nature, efficiency, and versatility, Accutase is the ideal alternative to trypsin. If you are looking for a reliable and efficient solution for cell detachment, Accutase is the solution for you.€75.00*PBSPhosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) Solution
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a widely used buffer solution in biological and chemical research. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance and osmolarity during various experimental procedures, including tissue processing and cell culture. Our PBS solution is meticulously formulated with high-purity ingredients to ensure stability and reliability in every experiment. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of our PBS closely mimic those of the human body, making it isotonic and non-toxic to most cells.
Composition of Our PBS Solution
Our PBS solution is a pH-adjusted blend of ultrapure-grade phosphate buffers and saline solutions. At a 1X working concentration, it contains:
8000 mg/L Sodium chloride (NaCl)
200 mg/L Potassium chloride (KCl)
1150 mg/L Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (Na2HPO4)
200 mg/L Potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous (KH2PO4)
This composition ensures an optimal pH and ionic balance, suitable for a wide range of biological applications.
Applications of Our PBS Solution
Our PBS solution is ideal for various applications in biological research. Its isotonic and non-toxic properties make it suitable for substance dilution and cell container rinsing. PBS solutions containing EDTA are effective for disengaging attached and clumped cells. However, divalent metals such as zinc should not be added to PBS, as this can cause precipitation. In such cases, Good's buffers are recommended. Additionally, our PBS solution is an acceptable alternative to viral transport medium for the transport and storage of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Quality Control
Sterile-filtered
Storage and Shelf Life
Store at +2°C to +25°C, protected from light.
Once opened, store at 2°C to 25°C and use within 24 months.
Shipping Conditions
Ambient temperature
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Avoid freezing and frequent warming to +37°C, as it reduces product quality.
Do not heat the medium beyond 37°C or use uncontrolled heat sources such as microwave appliances.
If only part of the medium is to be used, remove the required amount and warm it to room temperature before use.
Composition
Category
Components
Concentration (mg/L)
Salts
Potassium chloride
200
Potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous
200
Sodium chloride
8000
Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous
1150€20.00*
Certificate of Analysis (CoA)
| Lot Number | Certificate Type | Date | Catalog Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 305215-280725 | Certificate of Analysis | 22. Oct. 2025 | 305215 |
| 305215-180424 | Certificate of Analysis | 23. May. 2025 | 305215 |
| 305215-060224 | Certificate of Analysis | 23. May. 2025 | 305215 |
Material Transfer Agreement
If you intend to use Cytion cell lines solely for internal research at a single research site, please complete and sign our Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) and submit it along with your order.
For any commercial applications - including but not limited to fee-for-service work, quality control testing, product release, diagnostic use, or regulatory studies - please complete the Intended Use Form so we can prepare a suitable agreement tailored to your project.
Please note: The MTA applies only to certain cell lines. If this notice and the MTA document appear on a product page, the agreement is applicable. For cell lines not covered by the MTA, no reference to the agreement will be shown. The MTA is not valid for customers in the Americas, China, or Taiwan. Please contact our U.S. entity to receive the appropriate agreement.