K562 Cells








Insights on K562 cells
Description | The K562 cell line, originating from the bone marrow of a 53-year-old female with chronic myelogenous leukemia, serves as a cornerstone in various research fields such as immunology, tumor immunology, and immune system disorder research. Human K-562 cells are widely used in studies involving immune system interactions, particularly with effector cells like natural killer cells (NK). This is due to their unique characteristics, such as the expression of specific antigens that can be recognized by NK cells. Exploring the interaction between NK cells and cancerous cell lines like K562 offers insights into immune defense mechanisms. NK cells' ability to recognize and respond to K562 cells varies with the presence of specific markers, which fluctuate throughout the K562 cell cycle. K562 cells are characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This fusion gene is not a normal ABL transcript but a mutated form that is constitutively active and leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Analyzing ABL transcripts in K562 cells sheds light on leukemia's molecular dynamics and immune evasion strategies. K562 cells are crucial for understanding the cell cycle, particularly for analyzing cell cycle phases and distributions. This analysis is essential for evaluating the impact of ABL gene expression and the associated decrease in ABL fusion transcripts. Furthermore, K562 cells are valuable in assays assessing the cytotoxic effects of FGFR inhibitors and the activity of epigenetic enzymes, highlighting their significance in elucidating cell signaling pathways and the mechanisms of action of various therapeutic agents. The versatility of K562 cells, ranging from their role in enzyme activity assays to their application in immunological studies with natural killer (NK) cells, emphasizes their widespread utility in the scientific realm. This adaptability highlights their significance in bridging the gap between fundamental research and translational medicine, playing a crucial role in advancing the fight against chronic myelogenous leukemia. |
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Organism | Human |
Tissue | Bone marrow |
Disease | Chronic myeloid leukemia |
Synonyms | K562, K.562, K 562, KO, GM05372, GM05372E |
Details
Age | 53 years |
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Gender | Female |
Ethnicity | Caucasian |
Morphology | Round cells |
Cell type | Lymphoblast |
Growth properties | Suspension |
Documentation
Citation | K562 (Cytion catalog number 300224) |
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Biosafety level | 1 |
Genotype of the human K562 cell line
Antigen expression | CD7 (25%) |
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Isoenzymes | G6PD, B, AK-1, 1, ES-D, 1, GLO-1, 2, PGM1, 0, PGM3, 1, Me-2, 0 |
Oncogenes | BCR-ABL1 |
Tumorigenic | Yes, in nude mice. |
Reverse transcriptase | Negative |
Handling
Culture Medium | RPMI 1640, w: 2.0 mM stable Glutamine, w: 2.0 g/L NaHCO3 (Cytion article number 820700a) |
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Medium supplements | Supplement the medium with 10% FBS |
Subculturing | Maintain cultures by periodically adding or replacing the medium. Initiate cultures with a density of 2 x 10^5 cells/ml and keep the cell concentration within the range of 1 x 10^5 to 1 x 10^6 cells/ml for optimal growth. |
Seeding density | 1 x 10^5 cells/ml |
Fluid renewal | Every 2 days |
Freezing recovery | Please allow cells to recover for roughly 24 to 48 hours after thawing. |
Freeze medium | As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress. |
Handling of cryopreserved cultures |
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Quality assurance
Sterility | Mycoplasma contamination is excluded using both PCR-based assays and luminescence-based mycoplasma detection methods. To ensure there is no bacterial, fungal, or yeast contamination, cell cultures are subjected to daily visual inspections. |
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STR profile |
Amelogenin: x,x
CSF1PO: 9,10
D13S317: 8
D16S539: 11,12
D5S818: 11,12
D7S820: 9,11
TH01: 9.3
TPOX: 8,9
vWA: 16
D3S1358: 16
D21S11: 29,30
D18S51: 15
Penta E: 5,14
Penta D: 9,13
D8S1179: 12
FGA: 21,24
D1S1656: 15,16
D6S1043: 11,15
D2S1338: 17
D12S391: 23
D19S433: 14,14.2
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HLA alleles |
A*: '11:01:01, '31:01:02
B*: '18:01:01, '40:01:02
C*: '03:04:01, '05:01:01
DRB1*: '03:01:01, '04:04:01
DQA1*: '03:01:01, '05:01:01
DQB1*: '02:01:01, '03:02:01
DPB1*: '04:01:01G, '04:02:01G
E: '01:03:02
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Required products
Initially designed to support the growth of human leukemic cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures, RPMI 1640 Medium has evolved through modifications by researchers and commercial suppliers to become suitable for a diverse range of mammalian cells. It is exceptionally compatible with cell lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, and carcinomas.
RPMI 1640 Medium stands apart from other cell culture media due to its unique composition. It contains a substantial amount of phosphate, amino acids, and vitamins. Notably, it encompasses biotin, vitamin B12, and PABA, absent in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Moreover, RPMI 1640 Medium exhibits significantly elevated concentrations of vitamins inositol and choline. However, it does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly required to provide optimal conditions for cell growth.
The buffering system of RPMI 1640 Medium relies on sodium bicarbonate and necessitates a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiologically appropriate pH. The inclusion of the reducing agent glutathione further distinguishes this medium from others.
Quality Control
Sterile-filtered
Storage and Shelf Life
Store at +2°C to +8°C, protected from light.
Once opened, store at 4°C and use within 6–8 weeks.
Shipping Conditions
Ambient temperature
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Avoid freezing and frequent warming to +37°C, as it reduces product quality.
Do not heat the medium beyond 37°C or use uncontrolled heat sources such as microwave appliances.
If only part of the medium is to be used, remove the required amount and warm it to room temperature before use.
Composition
Category
Components
Concentration (mg/L)
Amino Acids
Glycine
10.00
L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine
434.40
L-Arginine
200.00
L-Asparagine H2O
56.82
L-Aspartic Acid
20.00
L-Cystine 2HCl
65.20
L-Glutamic Acid
20.00
L-Histidine HCl H2O
20.27
L-Hydroxy-L-Proline
20.00
L-Isoleucine
50.00
L-Leucine
50.00
L-Lysine HCl
40.00
L-Methionine
15.00
L-Phenylalanine
15.00
L-Proline
20.00
L-Serine
30.00
L-Threonine
20.00
L-Tryptophan
5.00
L-Tyrosine 2Na 2H2O
28.83
L-Valine
20.00
Vitamins
p-Amino Benzoic Acid
1.00
D-Biotin
0.20
Choline Chloride
3.00
D-Calcium Pantothenate
0.25
Folic Acid
1.00
myo-Inositol
35.00
Nicotinamide
1.00
Pyridoxine HCl
1.00
Riboflavin
0.20
Thiamine HCl
1.00
Vitamin B12
0.005
Inorganic Salts
Ca(NO3)2 4H2O
100.00
KCl
400.00
MgSO4 7H2O
100.00
NaCl
6000.00
NaHCO3
2000.00
Na2HPO4
800.00
Other Components
D-Glucose
2000.00
L-Glutathione Reduced
1.00
Phenol Red Sodium Salt
5.30
Initially designed to support the growth of human leukemic cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures, RPMI 1640 Medium has evolved through modifications by researchers and commercial suppliers to become suitable for a diverse range of mammalian cells. It is exceptionally compatible with cell lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, and carcinomas.
RPMI 1640 Medium stands apart from other cell culture media due to its unique composition. It contains a substantial amount of phosphate, amino acids, and vitamins. Notably, it encompasses biotin, vitamin B12, and PABA, absent in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Moreover, RPMI 1640 Medium exhibits significantly elevated concentrations of vitamins inositol and choline. However, it does not contain proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Consequently, supplementation with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is commonly required to provide optimal conditions for cell growth.
The buffering system of RPMI 1640 Medium relies on sodium bicarbonate (2.0 g/L) and necessitates a 5-10% CO2 environment to maintain a physiologically appropriate pH. The inclusion of the reducing agent glutathione further distinguishes this medium from others.
This RPMI 1640 medium contains 4.5 grams per liter of glucose.
Quality control
pH = 7.2 +/
- 0.02 at 20-25°C.
Each lot has been tested for sterility and absence of mycoplasma and bacteria.
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Freezing and warming up to +37° C minimize the quality of the product.
Do not heat the medium to more than 37° C or use uncontrollable sources of heat (e.g., microwave appliances).
If only a part of the medium is to be used, remove this amount from the bottle and warm it up at room temperature.
Shelf life for any medium except for the basic medium is 8 weeks from the date of manufacture.
Composition
Components
mg/L
Inorganic Salts
Calcium nitrate x 4H2O
100,00
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous
48,83
Potassium chloride
400,00
Sodium chloride
5450,00
di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate
800,49
Other Components
D(+)-Glucose anhydrous
4500,00
Glutathione (red.)
1,00
HEPES
2383,00
Phenol red
5,00
Sodium pyruvate
110,00
Amino Acids
L-Arginine x HCl
241,86
L-Asparagine x H2O
56,82
L-Aspartic acid
20,00
L-Cystine x 2HCl
65,19
L-Glutamine
300,00
L-Glutamic acid
20,00
Glycine
10,00
L-Histidine x HCl x H2O
20,27
L-Hydroxyproline
20,00
L-Isoleucine
50,00
L-Leucine
50,00
L-Lysine x HCl
40,00
L-Methionine
15,00
L-Phenylalanine
15,00
L-Proline
20,00
L-Serine
30,00
L-Threonine
20,00
L-Tryptophan
5,00
L-Tyrosine x 2Na
28,83
L-Valine
20,00
Vitamins
p-Aminobenzoic acid
1,00
D-(+)-Biotin
0,20
D-Calcium pantothenate
0,25
Choline chloride
3,00
Folic acid
1,00
myo-Inositol
35,00
Nicotinamide
1,00
Pyridoxine x HCl
1,00
Riboflavin
0,20
Thiamine x HCl
1,00
Vitamin B12
0,01
NaHCO3
1500,00
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a widely used buffer solution in biological and chemical research. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance and osmolarity during various experimental procedures, including tissue processing and cell culture. Our PBS solution is meticulously formulated with high-purity ingredients to ensure stability and reliability in every experiment. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of our PBS closely mimic those of the human body, making it isotonic and non-toxic to most cells.
Composition of Our PBS Solution
Our PBS solution is a pH-adjusted blend of ultrapure-grade phosphate buffers and saline solutions. At a 1X working concentration, it contains:
8000 mg/L Sodium chloride (NaCl)
200 mg/L Potassium chloride (KCl)
1150 mg/L Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (Na2HPO4)
200 mg/L Potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous (KH2PO4)
This composition ensures an optimal pH and ionic balance, suitable for a wide range of biological applications.
Applications of Our PBS Solution
Our PBS solution is ideal for various applications in biological research. Its isotonic and non-toxic properties make it suitable for substance dilution and cell container rinsing. PBS solutions containing EDTA are effective for disengaging attached and clumped cells. However, divalent metals such as zinc should not be added to PBS, as this can cause precipitation. In such cases, Good's buffers are recommended. Additionally, our PBS solution is an acceptable alternative to viral transport medium for the transport and storage of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Quality Control
Sterile-filtered
Storage and Shelf Life
Store at +2°C to +25°C, protected from light.
Once opened, store at 2°C to 25°C and use within 24 months.
Shipping Conditions
Ambient temperature
Maintenance
Keep refrigerated at +2°C to +8°C in the dark. Avoid freezing and frequent warming to +37°C, as it reduces product quality.
Do not heat the medium beyond 37°C or use uncontrolled heat sources such as microwave appliances.
If only part of the medium is to be used, remove the required amount and warm it to room temperature before use.
Composition
Category
Components
Concentration (mg/L)
Salts
Potassium chloride
200
Potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous
200
Sodium chloride
8000
Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous
1150